机器学习和深度学习方法对医学的计算机辅助预测成为必需的，在乳房X光检查领域也具有越来越多的应用。通常，这些算法训练，针对特定任务，例如，病变的分类或乳房X乳线图的病理学状态的预测。为了获得患者的综合视图，随后整合或组合所有针对同一任务培训的模型。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种管道方法，我们首先培训一组个人，任务特定的模型，随后调查其融合，与标准模型合并策略相反。我们使用混合患者模型的深度学习模型融合模型预测和高级功能，以在患者水平上构建更强的预测因子。为此，我们提出了一种多分支深度学习模型，其跨不同任务和乳房X光检查有效地融合了功能，以获得全面的患者级预测。我们在公共乳房X线摄影数据，即DDSM及其策划版本CBIS-DDSM上培训并评估我们的全部管道，并报告AUC评分为0.962，以预测任何病变和0.791的存在，以预测患者水平对恶性病变的存在。总体而言，与标准模型合并相比，我们的融合方法将显着提高AUC得分高达0.04。此外，通过提供与放射功能相关的特定于任务的模型结果，提供了与放射性特征相关的任务特定模型结果，我们的管道旨在密切支持放射科学家的阅读工作流程。

Data-driven models such as neural networks are being applied more and more to safety-critical applications, such as the modeling and control of cyber-physical systems. Despite the flexibility of the approach, there are still concerns about the safety of these models in this context, as well as the need for large amounts of potentially expensive data. In particular, when long-term predictions are needed or frequent measurements are not available, the open-loop stability of the model becomes important. However, it is difficult to make such guarantees for complex black-box models such as neural networks, and prior work has shown that model stability is indeed an issue. In this work, we consider an aluminum extraction process where measurements of the internal state of the reactor are time-consuming and expensive. We model the process using neural networks and investigate the role of including skip connections in the network architecture as well as using l1 regularization to induce sparse connection weights. We demonstrate that these measures can greatly improve both the accuracy and the stability of the models for datasets of varying sizes.

Contrastive representation learning has proven to be an effective self-supervised learning method for images and videos. Most successful approaches are based on Noise Contrastive Estimation (NCE) and use different views of an instance as positives that should be contrasted with other instances, called negatives, that are considered as noise. However, several instances in a dataset are drawn from the same distribution and share underlying semantic information. A good data representation should contain relations between the instances, or semantic similarity and dissimilarity, that contrastive learning harms by considering all negatives as noise. To circumvent this issue, we propose a novel formulation of contrastive learning using semantic similarity between instances called Similarity Contrastive Estimation (SCE). Our training objective is a soft contrastive one that brings the positives closer and estimates a continuous distribution to push or pull negative instances based on their learned similarities. We validate empirically our approach on both image and video representation learning. We show that SCE performs competitively with the state of the art on the ImageNet linear evaluation protocol for fewer pretraining epochs and that it generalizes to several downstream image tasks. We also show that SCE reaches state-of-the-art results for pretraining video representation and that the learned representation can generalize to video downstream tasks.

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are deep learning models designed to process attributed graphs. GNNs can compute cluster assignments accounting both for the vertex features and for the graph topology. Existing GNNs for clustering are trained by optimizing an unsupervised minimum cut objective, which is approximated by a Spectral Clustering (SC) relaxation. SC offers a closed-form solution that, however, is not particularly useful for a GNN trained with gradient descent. Additionally, the SC relaxation is loose and yields overly smooth cluster assignments, which do not separate well the samples. We propose a GNN model that optimizes a tighter relaxation of the minimum cut based on graph total variation (GTV). Our model has two core components: i) a message-passing layer that minimizes the $\ell_1$ distance in the features of adjacent vertices, which is key to achieving sharp cluster transitions; ii) a loss function that minimizes the GTV in the cluster assignments while ensuring balanced partitions. By optimizing the proposed loss, our model can be self-trained to perform clustering. In addition, our clustering procedure can be used to implement graph pooling in deep GNN architectures for graph classification. Experiments show that our model outperforms other GNN-based approaches for clustering and graph pooling.

Nowadays, the PQ flexibility from the distributed energy resources (DERs) in the high voltage (HV) grids plays a more critical and significant role in grid congestion management in TSO grids. This work proposed a multi-stage deep reinforcement learning approach to estimate the PQ flexibility (PQ area) at the TSO-DSO interfaces and identifies the DER PQ setpoints for each operating point in a way, that DERs in the meshed HV grid can be coordinated to offer flexibility for the transmission grid. In the estimation process, we consider the steady-state grid limits and the robustness in the resulting voltage profile against uncertainties and the N-1 security criterion regarding thermal line loading, essential for real-life grid operational planning applications. Using deep reinforcement learning (DRL) for PQ flexibility estimation is the first of its kind. Furthermore, our approach of considering N-1 security criterion for meshed grids and robustness against uncertainty directly in the optimization tasks offers a new perspective besides the common relaxation schema in finding a solution with mathematical optimal power flow (OPF). Finally, significant improvements in the computational efficiency in estimation PQ area are the highlights of the proposed method.

一个高度自主的系统（HAS）必须评估其所处的情况并得出信念，它决定下一步该怎么做。这些信念并不仅仅基于到目前为止所做的观察，而是基于对世界的一般见解。这些见解是在设计过程中建立的，或者在其任务过程中由可信赖的来源提供。尽管它的信念可能不精确并且可能存在缺陷，但它必须推断可能的未来才能评估其行动的后果，然后自主做出决定。在本文中，我们将一个自主决定性系统形式化为一种系统，总是选择目前认为是最好的行动。我们证明，可以检查是否可以在应用程序领域，动态变化的知识库和LTL任务目标列表中检查自主决定性系统。此外，我们可以为自主决定性系统综合信仰形成。对于形式的表征，我们使用Doxastic框架来安全至关重要的HASS，其中信仰形成支持HAS的外推。

跟踪球员和团队运动中的球是分析表现或增强游戏体验的关键。当这些数据的唯一来源是广播视频时，需要运动场注册系统来估算同型并重新投影球或从图像空间到场地的球员。本文描述了在MMSPorts 2022 Camera Callibration Challenge的背景下，一个新的篮球法庭注册框架。该方法基于通过用透视感知约束采样的关键点的位置的编码器编码网络的估计。篮子位置的回归和重型数据增强技术使该模型稳健地对不同的领域。消融研究表明，我们的贡献对挑战测试集的积极影响。与挑战基线相比，我们的方法将平方误差除以4.7。

人工神经网络今天具有广泛的应用程序，因为它们的高度灵活性和从数据中建模非线性功能的能力。但是，由于其黑盒性质，从小型数据集概括的能力差以及在培训期间的不一致的融合，神经网络的可信度受到限制。铝电解是一个复杂的非线性过程，具有许多相互关联的子处理。人工神经网络可能非常适合对铝电解过程进行建模，但是此过程的安全性最关键的性质需要值得信赖的模型。在这项工作中，稀疏的神经网络经过训练，以建模铝电解模拟器的系统动力学。与相应的密集神经网络相比，稀疏模型结构的模型复杂性显着降低。我们认为这使模型更容易解释。此外，实证研究表明，稀疏模型比密集的神经网络从小型训练集中概括得更好。此外，训练具有不同参数初始化的稀疏神经网络的合奏表明，模型会收敛到具有相似学习的输入特征的相似模型结构。

部分微分方程（PDE）参见在科学和工程中的广泛使用，以将物理过程的模拟描述为标量和向量场随着时间的推移相互作用和协调。由于其标准解决方案方法的计算昂贵性质，神经PDE代理已成为加速这些模拟的积极研究主题。但是，当前的方法并未明确考虑不同字段及其内部组件之间的关系，这些关系通常是相关的。查看此类相关场的时间演变通过多活动场的镜头，使我们能够克服这些局限性。多胎场由标量，矢量以及高阶组成部分组成，例如双分数和三分分射线。 Clifford代数可以描述它们的代数特性，例如乘法，加法和其他算术操作。据我们所知，本文介绍了此类多人表示的首次使用以及Clifford的卷积和Clifford Fourier在深度学习的背景下的转换。由此产生的Clifford神经层普遍适用，并将在流体动力学，天气预报和一般物理系统的建模领域中直接使用。我们通过经验评估克利福德神经层的好处，通过在二维Navier-Stokes和天气建模任务以及三维Maxwell方程式上取代其Clifford对应物中常见的神经PDE代理中的卷积和傅立叶操作。克利福德神经层始终提高测试神经PDE代理的概括能力。

为了了解材料特性的起源，三轴光谱仪（TAS）处的中子散射实验通过测量其动量（Q）和能量（E）空间中的强度分布来研究样品中的磁和晶格激发。但是，TAS实验的高需求和有限的光束时间可用性提出了自然的问题，即我们是否可以提高其效率或更好地利用实验者的时间。实际上，使用TAS，有许多科学问题需要在Q-E空间的特定区域中搜索感兴趣的信号，但是当手动完成时，这是耗时且效率低下的，因为测量点可能会放置在此类的无信息区域中作为背景。主动学习是一种有前途的通用机器学习方法，可以迭代地检测自主信号的信息区域，即不受人类干扰，从而避免了不必要的测量并加快实验。此外，自主模式允许实验者在此期间专注于其他相关任务。我们在本文中描述的方法利用了对数高斯过程，由于对数转换，该过程在信号区域中具有最大的近似不确定性。因此，将不确定性最大化为采集功能，因此直接产生了信息测量的位置。我们证明了我们方法对在Themal Tas Eiger（PSI）进行真实中子实验的结果的好处，以及在合成环境中基准的结果，包括许多不同的激发。